SIMULTECH 2014 Abstracts

Area 1 - Simulation Tools and Platforms
Full Papers Short Papers
Area 2 - Formal Methods
Full Papers Short Papers
Area 3 - Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation
Full Papers Short Papers
Area 4 - Application Domains
Full Papers Short Papers

Area 1 - Simulation Tools and Platforms

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 34
Title:

The Front Velocity Approach in the Modelling of Simulated Moving Bed Process (SMB)
Authors:

Anderson Bihain, Antônio Silva Neto and Leôncio Diógenes T. Câmara
Abstract: The Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) is a countercurrent and continuum process that presents a high separation efficiency. It has been extensively applied in the separation of the petrochemical compounds, in the enantiomeric separation of racemic drugs, and in other mixtures that are difficult to separate. Currently the models used to predict the mass transport along chromatographic columns consist of systems of partial differential equations that presents a high computational cost. To modeling SMB process the novel approach Front Velocity is presented. This consists of ordinary differential equations and do not utilize adsorption isotherms, and therefore it is not necessary to perform equilibrium experiments, which are common procedures in classical modeling. The first stage of the research work was to characterize the chromatographic column, where the Random constraint window (R2W) algorithm was employed associate to a kinetic mass transfer equation of the new approach in the solution of the inverse problem. With the parameters obtained in the characterization of the chromatographic column, the SMB process simulation was performed, obtaining the separation profiles of the studied compounds. To validate the model developed, the simulated results were compared with experimental data of enantiomeric separation of the Ketamine, also confronted with the simulations obtained from classical models. The results show that the Front Velocity model has a reasonable agreement with experimental data. Likewise showed similar results to those separation profiles obtained by classical modeling using partial differential equations, requiring computational cost about twenty times smaller.
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Paper Nr: 44
Title:

Relationship between Simulink and Petri Nets
Authors:

Debjyoti Bera, Kees van Hee and Henk Nijmeijer
Abstract: Matlab/Simulink is an industrial tool that is widely used to design and validate control algorithms for embedded control systems using numerical simulation. A Simulink model of a control system typically defines one or more control algorithms together with their environment. Such models exhibit both discrete and continuous dynamics, simulated by discretizing time. On the other hand, a colored Petri net (CPN) is a well known formalism for modeling behavior of discrete event systems. In this paper, we give a formal semantics to Simulink using the CPN formalism, by describing how Simulink models can be expressed as a CPN. We also show how Petri nets can be simulated in Simulink. Finally, we show how a CPN model can be used for performance analysis of a Simulink model.
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Paper Nr: 48
Title:

A Novel Approach to Model Design and Tuning through Automatic Parameter Screening and Optimization - Theory and Application to a Helicopter Flight Simulator Case-study
Authors:

Matteo Hessel, Francesco Borgatelli and Fabio Ortalli
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to describe a novel methodology for model-design and tuning in computer simulations, based on automatic parameter screening and optimization. Simulation requires three steps: mathematical modelling, numerical solution, and tuning of the model’s parameters. We address Tuning because, at the state-of-the-art, the development of life-critical simulations requires months to appropriately tune the model. Our methodology can be split in Screening (identification of the relevant parameters to simulate a system) and Optimization (search of optimal values for those parameters). All techniques are fully general, because they leverage ideas from Machine-Learning and Optimization Theory to achieve their goals without directly analysing the simulator’s mathematical model. Concerning screening, we show how Machine-Learning algorithms, based on Neural Networks and Logistic Regression, can be used for ranking the parameters according to their relevance. Concerning optimization, we describe two algorithms: an adaptive hill-climbing procedure and a novel strategy, specific for model tuning, called sequential masking. Eventually, we show the performances achieved and the impact on the time and effort required for tuning a helicopter flight-simulator, proving that the proposed techniques can significantly speed-up the process.
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Paper Nr: 51
Title:

An Effective Implementation of Agent’s Complex Actions by Reusing Primitive Motions
Authors:

Jun-Sung Choi and Jong-Hee Park
Abstract: The efficient implementation of various physical actions of an agent to respond to dynamically changing situations is essential for the design of a realistic agent in a cyber world. To achieve a maximum diversity in actions, we develop a mechanism that allows composite actions to be constructed by reusing a set of primitive motions and enables an agent to instantly react to changes in the ambient states. Specifically we model an agent’s body in terms of joints, and a primitive or composite motion is performed in a real time. To implement this mechanism, we produce an animation for each basic joint movement and develop a scheme to construct overall motions out of the primitive motions. These motions can be assembled into a plan by which an agent can achieve a goal. In this manner, diverse actions can be implemented without excessive efforts. This approach has conspicuous advantages when constructing a parallel action, e.g., eating while walking, that is, two or more parallel actions can be naturally merged into a parallel action with an arbitration on their priority. We implemented several composite and parallel actions to demonstrate the viability of our approach.
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Paper Nr: 55
Title:

Artificial Intelligence Modelling Methodologies Applied to a Polymerization Process
Authors:

Silvia Curteanu, Elena-Niculina Dragoi, Florin Leon and Cristina Butnariu
Abstract: A series of modelling methodologies based on artificial intelligence tools are applied to solve a complex real-world problem. Neural networks and support vector machines are used as models and differential evolution and clonal selection algorithms as optimizers for structural and parametric optimization of the models. The goal is to make a comparative analysis of these methods for the case study of the free radical polymerization of styrene, a complex, difficult to model process, where the monomer conversion and molecular masses are predicted as a function of reaction conditions, i.e. temperature, amount of initiator and time. Four modelling methodologies are developed and evaluated in terms of accuracy.
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Paper Nr: 75
Title:

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol for OMNeT++
Authors:

Vladimír Veselý, Jan Bloudíček and Ondřej Ryšavý
Abstract: Cisco’s EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol between distance vector and link-state routing protocols. EIGRP offers routing based on composite metric, which takes into account multiple factors and allows more granular and precise routing decisions based on the current state of the network. Cisco released basic specification of EIGRP as IETF’s RFC draft in the beginning of 2013. This paper introduces one of the first freely available EIGRP design and a simulation model implementation that can be run and tested within OMNeT++ discrete event simulator.
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Paper Nr: 85
Title:

SimuLTE – A Modular System-level Simulator for LTE/LTE-A Networks based on OMNeT++
Authors:

Antonio Virdis, Giovanni Stea and Giovanni Nardini
Abstract: This paper describes SimuLTE, an open-source system-level simulator for LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. SimuLTE is based on OMNeT++, a well-known, widely-used modular simulation framework, which offers a high degree of experiment support. As such, it can be seamlessly integrated with all the network-oriented modules of the OMNeT++ family, such as INET, thus enabling – among other things – credible simulation of end-to-end real-life applications across heterogeneous technologies. We describe the modeling choices and general architecture of the SimuLTE software, with particular emphasis on the MAC and scheduling functions, and show performance evaluation results obtained using the simulator.
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Paper Nr: 116
Title:

A Holistic Approach to Railway Engineering Design using a Simulation Framework
Authors:

Jesus Carretero, Carlos Gomez, Alberto Garcia and Felix Garcia-Carballeira
Abstract: Simulators have become frequently used tools in railway infrastructure design. However, most of them could be improved by adding capabilities to increase their productivity. In this paper, we propose a simulation framework in the field of railway infrastructure design, which allows to increase the productivity of simulators by integrating as many aspects of the design process as possible. Also, we state that new generation simulators should be capable of generating and evaluating new solutions by themselves. The framework follows a holistic approach, focusing on four main issues: a) trade-off between accuracy and complexity; b) automatic generation and simulation of solutions; c) taking into account all parts in the design process (e.g. normative); and d) integrating expert’s knowledge and optimization metrics. A case study is provided through a real-world simulator of railway overhead air switches. The simulator is analyzed from the point of view of the proposed framework, indicating how the different layers are fulfilled. Finally, the usability and productivity of the simulator is demonstrated performing an evaluation using different study cases. The evaluation shows how a high number of scenarios are simulated, evaluated, and rated using optimization metrics, in order to find the best solution of the problem’s search space.
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Paper Nr: 120
Title:

Extending the Software Tool TimeNET by Power Consumption Estimation of UML MARTE Models
Authors:

Dmitriy Shorin and Armin Zimmermann
Abstract: This paper presents an extension of the software tool TimeNET, which supports modeling and analysis of stochastic Petri nets. The new extension implements a previously proposed method for power consumption modeling and evaluation based on extended UML models. Two new net classes have been developed to support the necessary operational and application models and edit them in the graphical user interface. Several stereotypes of the UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (MARTE) have been added to extend the information about power consumption of system and application states. The two UML models are then automatically transformed into a stochastic Petri net. Power consumption of the system can be predicted by standard Petri net analysis modules of TimeNET. An example of an industrial control system is provided.
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Paper Nr: 121
Title:

Numerical Investigation of Liquid Flow in Two-, Three- and Four-Stage Centrifugal Pumps
Authors:

Nicolas La Roche-Carrier, Guyh Dituba Ngoma and Walid Ghie
Abstract: In this study, a liquid flow in two-, three- and four-stage centrifugal pumps was numerical investigated. The continuity and Navier-Stokes equations with the k- turbulence model and standard wall functions were used by means of the ANSYS-CFX code. To enhance the design of the multistage pump, the impacts of the number of impeller blades, diffuser return vanes and the number of stages on the performances of a multistage centrifugal pump were analyzed. The results obtained demonstrate that the selected parameters affect the pump head, brake horsepower and efficiency in a strong yet different manner. To validate the model developed, the results of the numerical simulations were compared with the experimental results from the pump manufacturer.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 25
Title:

Location Based Alteration of Simulation Models for Multi Screen VR Applications
Authors:

Ralf Waspe and Juergen Rossmann
Abstract: Simulation and VR application models may depend on parameters that are location dependent. To enhance portability and to speed up deployment times we propose a method, which uses a separate location based deployment model that gets loaded automatically by the simulation system. Subsequently loaded simulation models will get altered by the system, according to the deployment model. The deployment model can be further used as a topology for distributed rendering and simulation, or as a basis for an application controlling a multi-screen VR wall.
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Paper Nr: 35
Title:

Scenario Development: A Model-Driven Engineering Perspective
Authors:

Umut Durak, Okan Topçu, Robert Siegfried and Halit Oguztüzün
Abstract: Scenario development starts with capturing scenarios from the users and leads to the design and the development of the simulation environment to execute these scenarios. This paper proposes a scenario development process adopting a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) perspective. It takes scenario development and the use of scenarios in simulation environment development put forth in IEEE Recommended Practice for Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process (DSEEP) as a starting point. It then constructs a basic vocabulary including the definitions of operational, conceptual, and executable scenarios. Following MDE principles, scenario development is viewed as a series of model transformations. Operational scenarios, mostly defined in a natural language, are first transformed into conceptual scenarios, which conform to a formal metamodel. Then conceptual scenarios can be transformed into executable scenarios specified using a specific scenario definition language. Furthermore, it is also possible to generate the constructs of simulation environment design and development using model transformations. In this regard, a conceptual scenario metamodel is proposed adopting the Base Object Model metamodel as an example. Then this metamodel is used to present the proposed process with a sample operational scenario and conceptual scenario excerpts. Samples are shown how model transformation can be employed for developing a Federation Object Model and an executable scenario file.
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Paper Nr: 41
Title:

Virtual Bin Picking - A Generic Framework to Overcome the Bin Picking Complexity by the Use of a Virtual Environment
Authors:

Adrian Schyja and Bernd Kuhlenkötter
Abstract: Bin Picking is a very popular topic in the scope of robotic applications. For many years, R&D facilities as well as the industry work on Bin Picking solutions. However, it is challenging to bring such systems into industrial shop floors mainly due to the design and economical calculability accompanied by the acceptance of stable Bin Picking systems without any downtime. This paper presents a versatile interface-based framework for the planning, designing and in particular for the simulation of various Bin Picking applications. For that, the term ’Virtual Bin Picking’ has been introduced, which associates the simulation of Bin Picking scenarios in a virtual environment without the need for hardware components. Thus, it enables the design of Bin Picking work cells and it allows to predict the quality of such cells in an early virtual commissioning stage.
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Paper Nr: 86
Title:

Reactive Embedded Device Driver Synthesis using Logical Timed Models
Authors:

Julien Tanguy, Jean-Luc Béchennec, Mikaël Briday and Olivier H. Roux
Abstract: The critical nature of hard real-time embedded systems leads to an increased usage of Model Based Design to generate a correct-by-construction code from a formal specification. If Model Based Design is widely used at application level, most of the low level code, like the device drivers, remains written by hand. Timed Automata are an appropriate formalism to model real time embedded systems but are not easy to use in practice for two reasons i) both hardware and software timings are difficult to obtain, ii) a complex infrastructure is needed for their implementation. This paper introduces an extension of untimed automata with logical time. The new semantics introduces two new types of actions: delayed action which are possibly avoidable, and ineluctable action which will happen eventually. The controller synthesis problem is adapted to this new semantics. This paper focuses specifically on the reachability problem and gives an algorithm to generate a controller.
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Paper Nr: 91
Title:

A Survey of Model-Driven Approaches Applied to DEVS - A Comparative Study of Metamodels and Transformations
Authors:

Stéphane Garredu, Evelyne Vittori, Jean-François Santucci and Bastien Poggi
Abstract: Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a subset of Software Engineering (SE) which focuses on models. MDE provides techniques and guidelines to create models (metamodeling) and to transform them onto other models (including code). Recently, several MDE approaches have been successfully applied to the world of Modeling and Simulation (M&S), of which DEVS (Discrete EVent system Specification) is one of the most popular formalisms. The goal of those approaches is to increase DEVS interoperability. Many of them resort to a metamodel to describe DEVS concepts. The most recent ones also provide automatic code generation “Model-To-Text” (M2T) towards DEVS simulators (DEVS “internal” interoperability) and establish links between DEVS and other formalisms, thanks to Model-To-Model (M2M) transformations (DEVS “external” interoperability). The purpose of this paper is to give a state of the art of the MDE contributions to DEVS formalism and to provide a comparative study of the most recent ones.
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Paper Nr: 94
Title:

Developing Parallel, Discrete Event Simulations in Python - First Results and User Experiences with the SimX Library
Authors:

Sunil Thulasidasan, Lukas Kroc and Stephan Eidenbenz
Abstract: This paper describes SimX, a recently developed library for developing parallel, discrete-event simulations in Python. Written in C++ and Python, SimX enables rapid development and prototyping of a parallel simulation entirely in Python by providing the simulation modeler with core functionality such as processes, event queuing, time advancement, domain partitioning, synchronization and message passing. Designed for both ease-of-use and scalability, applications built using SimX can be executed on multi-core workstations or high performance clusters and can also be easily integrated with other Python tools for scientific computing. In this paper, we briefly discuss the motivation for developing SimX, provide a brief but illustrative example on using SimX to develop an application, a short description of its architecture and some of our initial experiences using SimX in a diverse array of domains. SimX is free software and is publicly available at http://github.com/sim-x under the GNU LGPL license.
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Paper Nr: 110
Title:

A High-level Petri Nets Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization in Pipeline Networks
Authors:

Hela Kadri and Belhassen Zouari
Abstract: High-level Petri nets are a powerful modelling language appropriate to represent massive, dynamic, and complicated systems like pipeline networks. Finding the optimal path in these networks is not an easy task, especially when we are concerned with multi-objective problems such as in the present study: minimizing path’s length and maximizing valves’ dynamic reliability which depends on time and conditions of use. This work aims, firstly to calculate the dynamic reliability of the valves engaged in the path’s search according to their behavior, and secondly, to transform the multi-objective optimization problem into a shortest path problem through a scalarization method and then to find an optimal path using the Dijkstra’s algorithm developed with a High-level Petri nets. This contribution is applied in the transport of oil but it is potentially applicable in many other areas.
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Paper Nr: 119
Title:

A Data Rich Money Market Model - Agent-based Modelling for Financial Stability
Authors:

Paul Devine and Rahul Savani
Abstract: Our position is that agent-based modelling is a potentially powerful complementary tool in the study of financial systems, especially where institutional behavioural factors and empirical data are incorporated. The work reported here concerns an agent-based model of a banking system focused on liquidity provision, principally the flows of cash between banks and other system actors. This model has been developed in conjunction with senior staff drawn from a major UK bank and consultancy and is highly data-rich in comparison with previous theoretical work in the field. Agents and relationships reflect practitioners’ views of the system and it incorporates institutional balance sheet representations, financial instruments together with real-world data collated from a range of sources. The bank agents in the model possess heterogeneous behaviours and data content drawn from real bank data. We report preliminary studies of the dynamical behaviour of this system in the context of the types of systemic shocks and perturbations observed in the real world. We review results which model the impact on a bank of a perceived lowering of its creditworthiness. These dynamics are not the result of endogenous assessments of the bank’s position, but the interplay of other banks’ and actor’s responses with its own behaviour.
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Paper Nr: 130
Title:

Tsunami Evacuation Simulation - Case Studies for Tsunami Mitigation at Indonesia, Thailand and Japan
Authors:

E. Mas, S. Koshimura, F. Imamura, A. Suppasri, A. Muhari and B. Adriano
Abstract: The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami left several lessons for future events. Both tsunami events confirmed the importance of early evacuation, tsunami awareness and the need of developing much more resilient communities with effective evacuation plans. To support reconstruction activities and efforts on developing resilient communities, tsunami evacuation simulation are applied to tsunami mitigation and evacuation planning. In this paper we highlight the importance of tsunami evacuation simulation as a tool in disaster management. Case studies of application of a tsunami evacuation model developed by the authors are presented here. Applications in Indonesia, Thailand and Japan tsunami prone areas are reported. In addition, challenges and future research directions for tsunami evacuation modeling are briefly discussed.
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Paper Nr: 132
Title:

Environment for Hybrid Simulation of Information Security Solutions for Grid and Cloud-systems

Authors:

Valeriy Vasenin, Vladimir Roganov and Andrey Zenzinov
Abstract: Efficient and safe use of distributed information systems based on Grid and Cloud-computing technologies requires an assessment and optimization of their security level. For this purpose it seems appropriate to model the studied systems and their behavior under different working conditions. The paper presents an approach to modeling distributed systems in full-scale, simulation, virtual and analytical sense, and also describes the possibility of their simultaneous use in hybrid mode simulation. Such approach allows to investigate the behavior of distributed systems from different perspectives, taking into account features of the architecture, software, purposes of these systems and operation conditions. The paper also describes the mechanisms of the developed modeling software.
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Paper Nr: 135
Title:

2D Hair Strands Generation Based on Template Matching
Authors:

Chao Sun, Fatemeh Cheraghchi and Won-Sook Lee
Abstract: Hair modelling is an important part of many applications in computer graphics. Since 2D hair strands represent the information of the hair shape and the feature of the hairstyles, the generation of 2D hair strands is an essential part for image-based hair modelling. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to generate 2D hair strands based on a template matching method. The method first divides a real hairstyle input image into sub-images with the predefined size. For each sub-image, an orientation map is estimated using Gabor filter and the orientation feature is presented by the orientation histogram. Then it matches the orientation histograms between each sub-image and template images in our database. Based on the matching results, the sub-images are replaced by the corresponding manual stroke images to give a clear representation of 2D hair strands. The result is refined by connecting the strands between adjacent sub-images. Finally, based on the control points defined on the 2D hair strands, the spline representation is applied to obtain smooth hair strands. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm is feasible.
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Paper Nr: 141
Title:

Quantile Estimation When Applying Conditional Monte Carlo
Authors:

Marvin K. Nakayama
Abstract: We describe how to use conditional Monte Carlo (CMC) to estimate a quantile. CMC is a variance-reduction technique that reduces variance by analytically integrating out some of the variability. We show that the CMC quantile estimator satisfies a central limit theorem and Bahadur representation. We also develop three asymptotically valid confidence intervals (CIs) for a quantile. One CI is based on a finite-difference estimator, another uses batching, and the third applies sectioning. We present numerical results demonstrating the effectiveness of CMC.
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Paper Nr: 143
Title:

Preservation of Non-uniform Memory Architecture Characteristics when Going from a Nested OpenMP to a Hybrid MPI/OpenMP Approach
Authors:

M. Ali Rostami and H. Martin Bücker
Abstract: While the noticeable shift from serial to parallel programming in simulation technologies progresses, it is increasingly important to better understand the interplay of different parallel programming paradigms. We discuss some corresponding issues in the context of transforming a shared-memory parallel program that involves two nested levels of parallelism into a hybrid parallel program. Here, hybrid programming refers to a combination of shared and distributed memory. In particular, we focus on performance aspects arising from shared-memory parallel programming where the time to access a memory location varies with the threads. Rather than analyzing these issues in general, the focus of this position paper is on a particular case study from geothermal reservoir engineering.
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Paper Nr: 146
Title:

An Ontology-Driven Framework to Support Scenario Representation in a 3D Operator Training Simulator
Authors:

Flávio Torres Filho and Maria de Fátima Queiroz Vieira
Abstract: This paper presents a framework to support the development of three-dimensional virtual scenarios for an operator training simulator for electrical systems. Given the need to represent a variety of scenarios of interest, this can be an effort and time consuming task. The proposed framework promotes a systematic approach when building scenarios and is supported by tools from the ontology-based domain. An editing tool is also under construction. As it will be discussed in the paper, this approach resulted in the simplification of the scenario building process which is achieved by interchanging descriptions at different levels of abstraction. The descriptions concern the situation to be represented; plant objects’ representation, both visual and behavioural, the latter represented as Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) models.
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Paper Nr: 28
Title:

Robust Estimation of Load Performance of DC Motor using Genetic Algorithm
Authors:

Jong Kwang Lee, Byung Suk Park, Jonghui Han and Il-Je Cho
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to estimate the load performance curves of DC motors whose equations are represented as a function of the torque based on a steady-state model with constraints. Since a simultaneous optimization of the curves forms a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP), we apply an optimal curve fitting method based on a real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA). In the method, we introduce a normalized ratio of errors to solve the MOP without the use of weighting factors and the nominal parameters to automatically determine the searching bounds of the curve parameters. Compared to the conventional least square fitting methods, the proposed scheme provides robust and accurate estimation characteristics even when fewer measurements with a small range of torque loading are taken and used for a data fitting.
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Paper Nr: 40
Title:

Model Integration Workflow for Keeping Models up to Date in a Research Simulator
Authors:

Torsten Gerlach, Umut Durak and Jürgen Gotschlich
Abstract: Flight simulators can be categorised as research simulators, engineering simulators and training simulators. Research simulators can be introduced as both test beds for flight simulator research and computational tools for flight systems and human factors research. While engineering simulators are utilised for systems development, training simulators are used for flight training. The models that are used in training simulators and also in engineering simulators are more mature and stable. On the other hand, the models in research simulators are subject to a constant change. While Model Based Design and Software Development has brought us agile model development workflows, so that modellers can update their models more easily, it came up with some serious systems integration and testing problems, so systems developers need to establish mechanisms to tackle frequent behaviour and interface changes. DLR’s Institute of Flight Systems (FT) has a long tradition in flight research and simulation of various flight vehicles. Currently a modern research simulator facility is being operated at DLR Braunschweig –AVES (Air Vehicle Simulator). AVES is designed such that interchangeable cockpits of rotorcraft (EC135) and airplanes (A320) can be operated on motion and fixed-base platforms according to the particular needs. 2Simulate is the enabling real-time simulation infrastructure of the AVES. This paper presents 2Simulate model integration workflow based on Mathwork’s Simulink Coder.
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Paper Nr: 45
Title:

Simplified Closed Form Numerical Approaches to Predict Natural Rubber Behavior under Sulfur Curing in Standard Rheometer Tests
Authors:

Marco Brotto, Gabriele Milani and Federico Milani
Abstract: In this paper, a complex numerical and a simplified mathematical closed form approach with robust kinetic base are proposed to interpret NR sulfur vulcanization. A preliminary phase of preparation of meta-rheometer curves from few experimental data may be necessary to have at disposal the whole curve to fit with the model when experimental data at disposal are a few. Then, on such data (either experimental or artificially generated) partial reaction kinetic constants characterizing the vulcanization process within the models proposed are derived. When needed, meta-data are obtained using a direct C2 natural cubic spline interpolation of the rheometer curve, which proved to fit the experimental data well. Both the presence and absence of reversion are discussed and how they are reflected in the model calculations. The chemical schemes, translated mathematically into differential equations systems, are suitably re-arranged to derive single analytical equations, which represents the crosslinking degree evolution vs time. The parameters of the single equations may be determined setting the kinetic constants of the chemical model by means of best fitting in the first model (more complex) and with the direct solution of a non linear system of equations in the second (simplified) approach. The major improvement of the second procedure here proposed is to utilize some ad hoc values for the kinetic constants that do not necessarily require an optimization algorithm, thus by-passing the usage of a least squares minimization routine.
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Paper Nr: 59
Title:

Agent-based Modelling of Aircraft Boarding Methods
Authors:

Serter Iyigunlu, Clinton Fookes and Prasad Yarlagadda
Abstract: We implemented six different boarding strategies (Wilma, Steffen, Reverse Pyramid, Random, Blocks and By letter) in order to investigate boarding times for Boeing 777 and Airbus 380 aircraft. We also introduce three new boarding methods to find the optimum boarding strategy. Our models explicitly simulate the behaviour of groups of people travelling together and we explicitly simulate the timing to store their luggage as part of the boarding process. Results from the simulation demonstrates the Reverse Pyramid method is the best boarding method for Boeing 777, and the Steffen method is the best boarding method for Airbus 380. For the new suggested boarding methods, aisle first boarding method is the best boarding strategy for Boeing 777 and row arrangement method is the best boarding strategy for Airbus 380. Overall best boarding strategy is aisle first boarding method for Boeing 777 and Steffen method for Airbus 380.
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Paper Nr: 81
Title:

Maritime Emergency Simulation System (MESS) - A Virtual Decision Support Platform for Emergency Response of Maritime Accidents
Authors:

Bing Wu, Xinping Yan, Yang Wang and Xiaoyang Wei
Abstract: This paper presents a maritime emergency simulation system (MESS) for the improvement of emergency response skills of participants of search and rescue (SAR). Firstly, the system architecture, software and hardware system are proposed, and the components and function are also introduced. Thus the virtual environment based on virtual reality is established with the distinguishing advantages of immersive, intuitiveness, low-cost and interactive. Four main types of accident are implemented in this system, to accomplish this, five key technologies which have been introduced in MESS are also proposed, among these technologies, some could enhance the immersive such as the traffic flow simulation and accident logic, while some advanced technologies could improve the efficiency and feasibility if being applied to the actual SAR. Moreover, the application domain including skills improvement of participants in SAR, accident investigation, adaptive decision-making based on scenario analysis, human reliability in emergency response are also discussed. Finally, the conclusions and further research are remarked.
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Paper Nr: 88
Title:

Solving Critical Simulation Problems Under Emergency Conditions Using Volunteer Computing
Authors:

Darkhan Akhmed-Zaki, Bolatzhan Kumalakov and Grzegorz Dobrowolski
Abstract: Paper presents a case study where a multi-agent system based volunteer computing platform is used to solve critical simulation problem under emergency conditions. As a result, we extend working platform functionality, better utilize agent paradigm and get valuable data on prototype performance. Main resulting novelty is an advancement in system architecture.
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Paper Nr: 98
Title:

Analysis of Possible Exploitation for Long Reach Passive Optical Networks
Authors:

Rastislav Róka
Abstract: For the expansion of networks based on optical transmission media, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of advanced implementations for passive optical systems used in the access network. This contribution shortly discusses possible scenarios of exploitation for hybrid passive optical networks. A main part is focused on characteristics of the HPON network simulation environment and on results from simulation experiments related to the Long Reach Passive Optical Network effective utilization for various higher layers.
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Paper Nr: 107
Title:

A Novel Sea Wave Simulation Test Environment Construct for Shipborne Weapons Systems
Authors:

Chi He, Guangling Dong, Qiang Li, Mengying Ye and Hongqiang Wei
Abstract: A key technology problem with respect to approval testing and evaluation is that of simulating sea wave impact in shipborne weapons systems, both in terms of land-based and sea-based tests. There are two main methods in use at present: the first method is to build large-scale water pool, in which the shipborne weapons system under test is mounted to a special model ship; the second method is to simulate sea wave impact via a six degree of freedom motion simulation platform. Because of their extremely high costs and engineering implementation difficulties, the two methods have not generally been used in practice. In this paper, a flight path and sea wave impact simulation system which transfer test data via CAN bus was designed and developed, and five mathematical models of typical flight paths (such as a horizontal line path) and three levels of sea wave impact models were established. The sea wave impact models were superimposed to flight path models via equivalent theory and coordinate mappings; and realistic fighter flights path and sea wave impact environments were, in shipborne weapons system land-based tests, constructed via an input simulation in which the mixed signal is input to the control loop of weapon system under test. The models and methods in this paper were used in a battery of naval gun approval tests, and the tracking performances of the shipborne weapons systems were simulated via MatLab. The simulation test results indicate that the new simulation method and system can meet the requirements of shipborne weapons Operational Test and Evaluation (OT&E) protocols completely.
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Paper Nr: 117
Title:

On the Way to WSN Collaboration with Robots
Authors:

Maria Charalampidou, Konstantinos Papakeipis, Aristotelis Tsimtsios and Spyridon Mouroutsos
Abstract: Over the past years Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been applied to a range of fields from military applications to medical and multimedia ones. Meanwhile, robots have managed to prove their necessity in cases where actuation is needed, therefore, achieving high accuracy tasks indeed. New prospects of collaboration for these two avant-garde technologies have already emerged and have been put into practice. In this paper a min-review of this collaboration and the prospects are analysed and discussed.
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Paper Nr: 118
Title:

Numerical Backward Simulation Model with Case Branching Capability
Authors:

Yukio Hiranaka, Houjin Sakaki, Kenta Ito, Toshihiro Taketa and Shinichi Miura
Abstract: The authors are studying backward simulators which trace from results to causes for comprehensive verification of system safety. It is not easy to make a backward simulation model because the forward model may not be expressed in a reversible formula, or it is not reversible in cases of multiple inputs or inclusion of internal state variables. In this paper, we propose a backward simulator which can incorporate numerical simulation models and has a case branching capability to deal with multiple inputs. As a practical simulation target, we implemented a simulator for testing stability of dynamic pricing for power usage control as a smart grid application. We show some illustrating results of the backward simulation.
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Paper Nr: 125
Title:

Parallel Simulation of Dynamic Communication Processes on the Base of Probability Time Automata
Authors:

Henryk Piech, Grzegorz Grodzki and Aleksandra Ptak
Abstract: The proposition is connected with the research of the security or threatens referring to message decryption, user dishonesty, non-fresh nonce, uncontrolled information jurisdiction, etc. (security attributes), in network communication processes. Encrypted messages are usually sent in the form of protocol operations. Protocols may be mutually interleaving, creating the so called runs, and their operations can appear as mutual parallel processes. The investigation regards both particular security attributes and their compositions referring to more general factors, such as: concrete users, protocols, public keys, secrets, messages, etc. The abovementioned situation forms a conception about parallel strategy realized with the help of PTA and Petri net that includes the set of security tokens (attributes) in each node.
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Paper Nr: 126
Title:

Research on Movement Rules of Soil Particles during EPB Machine Tunneling with Spoke Cutterhead
Authors:

Wu Li, Chen Long and Ju Ernan
Abstract: To discover the movement rules of soil particles around cutterhead during shield machine tunnelling, the discrete element model of shield machine tunnelling is established. The model is able to simulate the structure of shield machine, the pressure of ground, the excavation operation process and the flow process of soils. The cutterhead torque is obtained by running the model, which is accord with the theoretical calculation results. The displacements of soil particles in the cutterhead system of shield machine at the different tunnelling time are displayed. The movement of soil particle is periodic, and the period is related to the cutterhead rotation speed.
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Paper Nr: 136
Title:

Speed up of Co-Simulation by a Heuristic Time Warp Mechanism
Authors:

Christian Bartelt, Karina Rehfeldt and Stefan H.A. Wittek
Abstract: Nowadays many engineered systems are modelled and simulated before their production. A common problem is that all modules and properties of complex systems cannot be modelled within only one simulation suite because they require different (proprietary) simulation software. This makes it desirable to be able to simulate a whole system simulation as cooperating simulation modules. To be efficient the communication between the modules has to be fast and must not be a bottleneck. In this paper we propose a theoretical concept to connect heterogeneous simulation modules. We utilize the mechanism of optimistic scheduling but expand it by using a heuristic to fast determine values. Our concept uses the rollback known from time warp mechanism. A module needs a certain amount of input data to process and when this data is not present at the given time of processing we use the heuristic to get all missing data. With these two enhancements we can limit the amount of rollbacks while speeding up the processing time of the whole system simulation.
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Paper Nr: 139
Title:

Separated Computation of the Whole Jet Engine Workflow
Authors:

Leonid Shabliy, Alexander Krivcov and Oleg Baturin
Abstract: The research goal was the methodology to calculate gas turbine engine (GTE) workflows and in the compressor, in the combustion chamber and the turbine at the same time. Our method allows predicting interactions between components of a GTE. Solution is provided in separate solvers step by step. The results of modeling entire GTE in a different CFD codes are presented. Efforts to decide some problem of matching models are written. Author shows the maximum accuracy of boundary data achieved with this approach.
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Paper Nr: 145
Title:

SimLuator: A Multi-Core CPU Simulator with Dynamic Language Lua
Authors:

John Ye, Songyuan Li, Tianzhou Chen, Minghui Wu and Li Liu
Abstract: For CPUs and SoCs (System on Chip) of recent years, their numbers of cores keep growing, and their designs become more and more complicated. It is desirable to model and simulate them easier, but existing simulators are usually big, complicated, hard to understand and even harder to modify. Plenty of efforts of CPU architecture researchers are spent on understanding the simulators rather than implementing any innovative improvements to the architectures. This paper tries to implement a simulator with Lua. Unlike C-family languages that most simulators are built with, Lua is a dynamic language, which is easier to program. As for our simulator, we tried to model a Speculative Multi-Threading (SpMT) processor with less than 800 lines of code. And with Just In Time (JIT) compiling technology, the simulator performs in a reasonable speed. We would like to share our experience with the CPU architecture research community, and encourage to use dynamic languages for rapid development of simulators, especially for initial exploration of innovative architectures.

Area 2 - Formal Methods

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 20
Title:

Sensitivity Estimation by Monte-Carlo Simulation Using Likelihood Ratio Method with Fixed-Sample-Path Principle
Authors:

Koji Fukuda and Yasuyuki Kudo
Abstract: The likelihood ratio method (LRM) is an efficient indirect method for estimating the sensitivity of given expectations with respect to parameters by Monte-Carlo simulation. The restriction on application of LRM to real-world problems is that it requires explicit knowledge of the probability density function (pdf) to calculate the score function. In this study, a fixed-sample-path method is proposed, which derives the score function required for LRM not via the pdf but directly from a constructive algorithm that computes the sample path from parameters and random numbers. The boundary residual, which represents the correction associated with the change of the distribution range of the random variables in LRM, is also derived. Some examples including the estimation of risk measures (Greeks) of option and financial flow-of-funds networks showed the effectiveness of the fixed-sample-path method.
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Paper Nr: 30
Title:

A Necessary Test for Fixed-Priority Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems based on Lazy-adversary Simulation
Authors:

Romulo Silva de Oliveira, Andreu Carminati and Renan Starke
Abstract: Many embedded systems have real-time requirements which are sometimes hard and must be guaranteed at design time, although most embedded systems have soft deadlines in the sense that they can be missed without any catastrophe being caused by that. Scheduling simulations can be used as a necessary but not sufficient schedulability test that is useful for both hard and soft real-time systems. They help to assess the pessimism of formal analysis applied to hard real-time systems and they can be used as test-case generators during the design of soft real-time systems. In this paper, we present a new adversary simulator for multiprocessors with global task queue and fixed-priority scheduling. We consider sporadic tasks with constrained deadlines (D <= T). An adversary simulator uses the non-determinism in the arrivals of sporadic tasks to stress the system scheduler with valid arrival patterns. The simulator proposed in this paper applies a lazy approach that delays the arrival of high-priority tasks in order to form gangs that will preclude the execution of a victim task. We show that the new lazy-adversary simulator presented in this paper outperforms the previously existing necessary schedulability tests.
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Paper Nr: 64
Title:

Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Risk Measures
Authors:

Yuya Suzuki and Thorbjörn Gudmundsson
Abstract: In this paper, we consider random sums with heavy-tailed increments. By the term random sum, we mean a sum of random variables where the number of summands is also random. Our interest is to construct an efficient method to calculate tail-based risk measures such as quantiles and conditional expectation (expected shortfalls). When assuming extreme quantiles and heavy-tailed increments, using standard Monte Carlo method can be inefficient. In previous works, there exists an efficient method to sample rare-events (tail-events) using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with a given threshold. We apply the sampling method to estimate statistics based on tail-information, with a given rare-event probability. The performance is compared with other methods by some numerical results in the case increments follow Pareto distributions. We also show numerical results with Weibull, and Log-Normal distributions. Our proposed method is shown to be efficient especially in cases of extreme tails.
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Paper Nr: 66
Title:

A Simulation Model for Risk Management Support in IT Outsourcing
Authors:

Tarcio Bezerra, Seth Bullock and Antao Moura
Abstract: IT Outsourcing (ITO) is the practice to delegate organizational IT functions to a third party. However, this practice introduces important risks for customer organizations. We have developed a system dynamics simulation model to support ITO decision making that considers a dynamic and integrated view of capabilities management and benefits management. Two IT capabilities are modelled: Contract Monitoring (on the customer's side) and Service Delivery (on the supplier's side). In this paper the proposed model is used to assess the risks presented by a deficit in these capabilities. The results of our experiments indicate that the lack of contract monitoring capability in ITO contracting organizations directly impacts on service conclusion time and influences the cost of contract management, which is an important risk factor related to exceeding the ITO budget. It was also found that low levels of service delivery capability in the supplier most significantly impact the cost of rework and the number of penalties. These factors influence the profitability of the supplier and may induce it to abandon the contract prematurely.
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Paper Nr: 72
Title:

Modeling Neutron Dynamics in Nuclear Reactor using Fractional-order Point Reactor Kinetics Model with Adiabatic Temperature Feedback
Authors:

Vishwesh Vyawahare and P. S. V. Nataraj
Abstract: This paper deals with the development and analysis of fractional-order (FO) point reactor kinetics (FPRK) model with reactivity feedback for a nuclear reactor. Incorporation of adiabatic temperature feedback of reactivity makes this model nonlinear. It basically forms a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The nonlinear subprompt critical FPRK model is developed and analyzed in detail. Fundamental motivation for this model is the fact that neutron transport inside the core of a reactor is truly a subdiffusion. The work presented here analyzes the effect of temperature feedback on the neutron concentration dynamics inside reactor core which is modeled using fractional differential equations. The system of nonlinear differential equations is solved numerically. The analysis clearly establishes the fact that the proposed model is ‘stable’ in the sense that it predicts self-limitting power excursions. The model presented in this paper constitutes an important step in the development of fractional-order model for a nuclear reactor, which can be used to achieve better control and operation.
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Paper Nr: 73
Title:

Model Predictive Control for Fractional-order System - A Modeling and Approximation Based Analysis
Authors:

Mandar Joshi, Vishwesh Vyawahare and Mukesh Patil
Abstract: A widely recognized advanced control methodology model predictive control is applied to solve a classical servo problem in the context of linear fractional-order (FO) system with the help of an approximation method. In model predictive control, a finite horizon optimal control problem is solved at each sampling instant to obtain the current control action. The optimization delivers an optimal control sequence and the first control thus obtained is applied to the plant. An important constituent of this type of control is the accuracy of the model. For a system with fractional dynamics, accurate model can be obtained using fractional calculus. One of the methods to implement such a model for control purpose is Oustaloup’s recursive approximation. This method delivers equivalent integer-order transfer function for a fractional-order system, which is then utilized as an internal model in model predictive control. Analytically calculated output equation for FO system has been utilized to represent process model to make simulations look more realistic by considering current and initial states in process model. The paper attempts to present the effect of modeling and approximations of fractional-order system on the performance of model predictive control strategy.
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Paper Nr: 76
Title:

System Reactivity Components in Cellular Manufacturing Subjected to Frequent Unavailability of Physical and Human Resources
Authors:

Sameh Saad and Carlos R. Gómez
Abstract: In manufacturing systems, different types of disturbances influence system’s performance. In this paper those components within a manufacturing cell contributing to maintain a higher performance, despite the influence of internal disturbances such as machine breakdowns and operator unavailability, are investigated. Discrete event simulation is used to model the processing and material handling subsystems within a cellular manufacturing. Experimentation is conducted using a full factorial design and data analysis is performed using analysis of variance. The results indicated that, in terms of systems reactivity, processing subsystems aspects such as the skills of the operators, the capacity of the buffers and the duration of machine set-ups are more efficient in coping with work-in-progress (WIP) resulting from the effect of disturbances than aspects related to the material handling sub system.
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Paper Nr: 77
Title:

Modeling & Simulation Framework for the Inclusion of Simulation Objectives by Abstraction
Authors:

Sangeeth saagar Ponnusamy, Vincent Albert and Patrice Thebault
Abstract: Abstractions of experimental frame components with respect to simulation objectives are discussed with a hybrid system simulation application. Validity assessment through behavioural compatibility criteria described by the trace inclusion framework is given. The simulation objectives are associated with modelling abstractions by such a framework and described in established modeling & simulation framework. Consistent abstractions from hierarchically ordered posets for stimulant and observer models in experimental frame are discussed. A landing gear example is taken and testability through primary experimental frame component abstractions was observed for the given simulation requirements. The formal framework under development is briefly discussed at the end in the context of applicability and derivability of experimental frame and fidelity of simulation.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 12
Title:

Decision Support Tool for Group Job-shop Scheduling Problems
Authors:

Yuri Mauergauz
Abstract: This paper presents a new tool for group job-shop scheduling problems. The tool encompasses a dynamic Pareto-optimal method based on two criteria simultaneously: relative setup expenditure criterion and average orders utility criterion. In this method the concept of production intensity as a dynamic production process parameter is used. The software used allows scheduling for medium quantity of jobs. The result of software application is the set of non-dominant versions proposed to a user for making a final choice. Based on this model, a decision support tool (DST) called OptJobShop is used for scheduling optimization. The decision support tool provides for scheduling simulation with various initial parameters, comparison of different scheduling versions and choice of the final decision.
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Paper Nr: 19
Title:

Modeling of an Agent System to Support the Management of Cooperating and Rival Resources for Business Workflows
Authors:

Ágnes Werner-Stark, Tibor Dulai and Gyula Ábrahám
Abstract: Modeling and analysis of business workflows may be strategic on behalf of the optimal execution. This paper proposes an innovative model-based approach, which can be used to resource scheduling of business workflows. To this we defined such functions that help the operation of processes, resource scheduling can be described formally during the modeling. The system uses all the information during the scheduling, which may be recorded in a log file in connection with the process execution. We can extract useful information concerning allocation of resources by analysis of the historical data, which are used to assign the resources to the implemented tasks. In the system the cooperation and contention of the resources as agents will play important role. The scheduling can be tested in an agent simulation environment. By the aid of this approach we can give decision proposal to the operator in real time to promote more optimal realization of the workflow.
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Paper Nr: 70
Title:

Complementarity between Simulation and Formal Verification - Transformation of PROMELA Models into FDDEVS Models: Application to a Case Study
Authors:

Aznam Yacoub, Maamar Hamri and Claudia Frydman
Abstract: Discrete Event system Specification (DEVS) is a simple comprehensive way to describe complex discrete event systems in a hierarchical way. Few years ago, Finite and Deterministic DEVS (FDDEVS) was introduced to support verification analysis of a subclass of DEVS problems, in the same way as formal methods. This paper presents guidelines to transform behavioral models used in formal methods like critical sections, especially described in PROMELA in this case, into FDDEVS models, and shows the benefits of such a transformation.
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Paper Nr: 96
Title:

Optimization Strategies for Tuning the Parameters of Radial Basis Functions Network Models
Authors:

Gancho Vachkov, Nikolinka Christova and Magdalena Valova
Abstract: In this paper the problem of tuning the parameters of the RBF networks by using optimization methods is investigated. Two modifications of the classical RBFN, called Reduced and Simplified RBFN are introduced and analysed in the paper. They have a smaller number of parameters. Three optimization strategies that perform one or two steps for tuning the parameters of the RBFN models are explained and investigated in the paper. They use the particle swarm optimization algorithm with constraints. The one-step Strategy 3 is a simultaneous optimization of all three groups of parameters, namely the Centers, Widths and the Weights of the RBFN. This strategy is used in the paper for performance evaluation of the Reduced and Simplified RBFN models. A test 2-dimensional example with high nonlinearity is used to create different RBFN models with different number of RBFs. It is shown that the Simplified RBFN models can achieve almost the same modelling accuracy as the Reduced RBFN models. This makes the Simplified RBFN models a preferable choice as a structure of the RBFN model.
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Paper Nr: 123
Title:

Event Log Knowledge as a Complementary Simulation Model Construction Input
Authors:

Niels Martin, Benoît Depaire and An Caris
Abstract: Business process simulation models are typically built using model construction inputs such as documentation, interviews and observations. Due to issues with these information sources, efforts to further improve the realism of simulation models are valuable. Within this context, the present paper focuses on the use of process execution data in simulation model construction. More specifically, the behaviour of contemporary business processes is increasingly registered in event logs by process-aware information systems. Knowledge can be extracted from these log files using process mining techniques. This paper advocates the addition of event log knowledge as a model construction input, complementary to traditional information sources. A conceptual framework for simulation model construction is presented and the integration of event log knowledge during the modeling of particular simulation model building blocks is outlined. The use of event log knowledge is demonstrated in a simulation of the operations of a roadside assistance company.
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Paper Nr: 133
Title:

A Simulation Fidelity Assessment Framework
Authors:

Sangeeth saagar Ponnusamy, Vincent Albert and Patrice Thebault
Abstract: A proposition for the correct by design of abstraction with respect to the simulation objectives based on the concepts of approximate bisimulation, Galois connections and ontology is presented. It addresses the fundamental problem of fidelity in simulation, namely, given a class of models and a class of properties that must be preserved, how to extract modeling abstractions that preserves the properties of interest which allows to conclude about the system being simulated. Fidelity and validity are explained in the framework of the experimental frame and discussed in the context of modeling abstractions. A formal method for the fidelity quantification is explained by abstraction inclusion relations for syntactic and semantic compatibility. Abstraction inclusion in dynamic systems for semantic compatibility by approximate bisimulation and the problem of finding surjection maps compatible with simulation objectives are discussed. Syntactic compatibility is explained by ontologies followed by a brief discussion on the Galois connections and building Galois surjections compatible with the simulation objectives at the end.
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Paper Nr: 62
Title:

About Convergence for Finite-difference Equations of Incompressible Fluid with Boundary Conditions by Woods Formulas
Authors:

Darkhan Akhmed-Zaki, Nargozy Danaev and Farida Amenova
Abstract: In this paper, mathematical aspects of stability, convergence and numerical implementation of two-dimensional differential problem for incompressible fluid equations in “stream function, vorticity” variables defined on a symmetrical template of finite-difference grid studied by method of a priori estimates are considered. Approximate boundary conditions for the vorticity are chosen in the form of Woods formula. In case of a linear Stokes problem, it is shown that the numerical solution of the difference problem converges to the solution of the differential problem with second order accuracy and two algorithms of numerical implementation, for which the rates of convergence obtained, are considered. In the case of non-linear Navier-Stokes equations, estimates of the convergence of a solution of the difference problem to the solution of the differential problem, as well as estimation of the convergence of a considered iterative algorithm with the assumption that the condition is equivalent to the condition of uniqueness of nonlinear difference problem are obtained.
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Paper Nr: 83
Title:

Actuator Fault Detection for a Diesel Engine using Observer Method based
Authors:

F. Sallem, B. Dahhou, Z. Li and A. Kamoun
Abstract: This paper proposes a framework for Fault Detection FD in linear systems developed in the context of systems invertibility. It deals with issues of actuator fault, so a diesel engine is introduced as a benchmark for model-based fault detection. The purpose is to provide a simple, industrial system as a platform for a new formulation of linear system diagnosis problem. FD performance specifications are provided. They include conditions for detection probability. Using the diesel engine model presented by two subsystems: the process subsystem and the actuator subsystem, simulations and experimental results show the advantages of the FD scheme observer based.
Paper Nr: 92
Title:

Hierarchical Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning Classifier
Authors:

Solmaz Bagherpour, Àngela Nebot and Francisco Mugica
Abstract: Many of the inductive reasoning algorithms and techniques, including Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning (FIR), that learn from labelled data don’t provide the possibility of involving domain expert knowledge to induce rules. In those cases that learning fails, this capability can guide the learning mechanism towards a hypothesis that seems more promising to a domain expert. One of the main reasons for omitting such involvement is the difficulty of knowledge acquisition from experts and, also, the difficulty of combining it with induced hypothesis. One of the successful solutions to such a problem is an alternative approach in machine learning called Argument Based Machine Learning (ABML) which involves experts in providing specific explanations in the form of arguments to only specific cases that fail, rather than general knowledge on all cases. Inspired by this study, the idea of Hierarchical Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning (HFIR) is proposed in this paper as the first step towards design and development of an Argument Based Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning method capable of providing domain expert involvement in its induction process. Moreover, HFIR is able to obtain better classifications results than classical FIR methodology. In this work, the concept of Hierarchical Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning is introduced and explored by means of the Zoo UCI benchmark.
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Paper Nr: 108
Title:

Generation of Numbers with the Distribution Close to Uniform with the Use of Chaotic Maps
Authors:

Marcin Lawnik
Abstract: The method discussed in the paper enables the generation of values from the distribution close to uniform by means of “flattening” continuous distributions of (pseudo–) random sequences of numbers. The method makes use of chaotic maps with uniform distribution. The set of initial conditions for such recursive functions consists of any sequences of numbers derived in a (pseudo–) random manner. Thanks to an appropriate quantity of the iterations of such chaotic maps, the initial conditions set is reduced to the sequence of numbers with the distribution close to uniform. The method may be employed for the derivation of (pseudo–) random values using for example: sets of physical measurements, values of stock exchange indices or biometrics data like EEG signals. Consequently, the obtained values may be applied in simulations or in cryptography.
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Area 3 - Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 24
Title:

Modeling Anisotropic Permeability of Coal and Its Effects on Coalbed Methane Reservoir Simulation
Authors:

Geoff Wang, Xiaorong Wei, Hui An, Fu-Yang Wang and Victor Rudolph
Abstract: In this study, an alternative permeability model was developed and compared with data from laboratory investigations. The model was further applied for reservoir simulation with several cases in order to evaluate the effects of the anisotropic permeability variation on the CO2-sequestration and CO2-sequestration enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery. The permeability model developed in this study is based on a discontinuum medium approach, in which coal is treated as a discontinuum medium containing anisotropic matrixes and cleats. The permeability variations and anisotropic permeability ratios under isotropic net stresses were tested with relatively large coal samples. The simulations show good agreements with the experimental data, revealing that the developed model is superior for describing stress- and sorption-induced permeability variations in coals compared with models using constant values for stress-dependent parameters. The results from reservoir simulation incorporating the developed permeability model show the anisotropic permeability exhibit significant effect on CO2-ECBM recovery.
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Paper Nr: 87
Title:

Modeling and Performance Optimization of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine for the Avoidance of Knocking
Authors:

Michela Costa, Ugo Sorge, Paolo Sementa and Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Abstract: The paper applies simulation techniques for the prediction and optimization of the thermo-fluid-dynamic phenomena characterising the energy conversion process in an internal combustion engine. It presents the development and validation of a 3D CFD model for a GDI optically accessible engine operating either under stoichiometric homogeneous charges or under overall lean mixtures. The model validation is realized on the ground of experimental measurements of the in-cylinder pressure cycle and of the available optical images. The model comprehends properly developed sub-models for the spray dynamics and the spray-wall interaction. This last is particularly important due to the nature of the mixture formation mode, being of the wall-guided type. In the stoichiometric mixture case, the possible occurrence of knocking is also considered by means of a sub-model able to reproduce the pre-flame chemical activity. The CFD tool is finally included in a properly formulated optimization problem aimed at minimizing the engine specific fuel consumption with the avoidance of knocking. The optimization, performed through a non-evolutionary algorithm, allows determining the best engine control parameters (spark advance and start of injection).
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Paper Nr: 150
Title:

A Systematic View of Agent-supported Simulation - Past, Present, and Promising Future
Authors:

Tuncer Ören, Levent Yilmaz and Nasser Ghasem-Aghaee
Abstract: Agent-supported simulation involves the use of intelligent agents to enhance modeling and simulation (M&S) infrastructures and consists of support by software agents: (1) to provide computer assistance for front-end and/or backend interface functions in M&S environments; (2) to process elements of an M&S study symbolically (for example, for consistency checks and built-in reliability); and (3) to provide cognitive abilities to the elements of an M&S study, such as perception, anticipation, learning or understanding abilities. Several aspects of agent-supported simulation are clarified and references are provided.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 5
Title:

Signature-based High-level Simulation of Microthreaded Many-core Architectures
Authors:

Irfan Uddin, Raphael Poss and Chris Jesshope
Abstract: The simulation of fine-grained latency tolerance based on the dynamic state of the system in high-level simulation of many-core systems is a challenging simulation problem. We have introduced a high-level simulation technique for microthreaded many-core systems based on the assumption that the throughput of the program can always be one cycle per instruction as these systems have fine-grained latency tolerance. However, this assumption is not always true if there are insufficient threads in the pipeline and hence long latency operations are not tolerated. In this paper we introduce Signatures to classify low-level instructions in high-level categories and estimate the performance of basic blocks during the simulation based on the concurrent threads in the pipeline. The simulation of fine-grained latency tolerance improves accuracy in the high-level simulation of many-core systems.
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Paper Nr: 11
Title:

Traffic Flow Simulation Dovetailed with Evolutionary Game Theory
Authors:

Jun Tanimoto, Shinji Kukida, Aya Hagishima and Naoki Ikegaya
Abstract: Previous work (Yamauchi et al., PRE 79 and Nakata et al., Physica A 389) found several social-dilemma structures in phases of traffic flows created by bottlenecks resulting from lane closings. We investigate another question: whether or not such structures can be formed from frequent lane changes in a usual traffic flow without any explicit bottlenecks. In our model system, two classes of driver-agents coexist: C-agents (cooperative strategy) always remain in the lane they are initially assigned, while D-agents (defective strategy) try to change lanes to move ahead. In relatively high-density flows, such as the metastable and high-density phases, we found structures that correspond to either n-person Prisoner’s Dilemma (n-PD) games or to quasi-PD games. In these situations, lane changes by D-agents create heavy traffic jams that reduce social efficiency.
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Paper Nr: 16
Title:

Optimization of Gas Turbine Compressor Blade Parameters for Gas-dynamic Efficiency under Strength Constraints
Authors:

Leonid Shabliy and Aleksandr Cherniaev
Abstract: This article describes an approach for optimization of gas turbine compressor blade based on one-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis coupled with evolutionary optimization algorithm. Commercial CFD and FE code ANSYS was used for the simulations. Paper gives detailed description of developed geometric model, CFD and FE models, as well as description of employed optimization technique. Obtained results indicate that adiabatic efficiency and pressure rate of compressor can be increased up to 23% and 7% correspondingly by rational selection of relative positions of compressor blade cross-sections.
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Paper Nr: 23
Title:

CANB v4.0: A Model for Simulating Residual Soil Nitrogen and Nitrogen Leaching in Canadian Regional Scale
Authors:

Jingyi Yang, Craig Drury, Reinder DeJong, E. C. (Ted) Huffman and Xueming Yang
Abstract: A Canadian Agricultural Nitrogen Budget model (CANB v4.0) was developed to calculate two Agri-environmental Indicators; Residual Soil Nitrogen (RSN) and the Indicator of Risk of Water Contamination by Nitrogen (IROWC-N) at 1:1M Soil Landscape of Canada scale for all Canadian farmland. The RSN (kg N ha^-1) is the amount of inorganic N which remains in the soil at the end of the growing season and it is calculated as the difference between the total inputs of N and removal of N by the crop and atmospheric losses. The IROWC-N provides an estimate of the concentration and amount of the RSN which can be lost due to surface and groundwater via leaching. Both the growing season and non-growing season N leaching losses were simulated by a daily N leaching model. The outputs are displayed using EasyGrapher software and mapped using Arc-GIS software. The Ecoregion maps and graphs of the RSN, N lost and IROWCN from the CANB v4.0 model were displayed and the results were interpreted. The results indicate that there is an increasing risk of water contamination over time in Canadian farmland. The model can also be used for policy scenario analysis or integrated into a GIS framework at watershed scales.
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Paper Nr: 31
Title:

Mixing and Combustion of Turbulent Coaxial Jets - An Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Swirling Flows
Authors:

Teresa Parra, Ruben Perez, Miguel Angel Rodriguez, Artur Gutkowski, Robert Szasz and Francisco Castro
Abstract: The aim of this research is gaining an insight into flow patterns in swirling burners. These are suitable for lean mixtures, because of procuring the fix position of the flame. The interaction of the two reactive confined swirling jets leads to the formation of complex patterns which are not well understood. In the present study, these flow patterns are numerically investigated using Reynolds Averaging Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for the flow and a Probability Density Function is used for modelling the combustion. Two swirl numbers were characterised: 0.14 and 0.74. Strong swirling annular jets are responsible of an inner recirculation zone. Low swirling flows produce poorer mixture and wide flame fronts whereas strong swirling flows are precursors of mixing enhancement and thing flame fronts.
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Paper Nr: 43
Title:

Analytical Model of SSD Parallelism
Authors:

Jinsoo Yoo, Youjip Won, Sooyong Kang, Jongmoo Choi, Sungroh Yoon and Jaehyuk Cha
Abstract: SSDs support various IO parallel mechanisms such as channel parallelism, way parallelism, and plane parallelism to increase IO performance. To measure an SSD’s performance in a simulation environment, the simulator has to support the parallel IO operations of an SSD by modeling its internal IO behaviors. In this paper, we developed an analytical model to calculate the IO latency of multi-channel and multi-way architected SSDs. In formulating the IO latency model, we categorized SSDs’ IO types into two operations: single page read/write operations and multiple page read/write operations. With the IO latency model, we can calculate the IO performance of a real SSD, Intel X25-M, with a 3.8% offset.
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Paper Nr: 60
Title:

Advanced Route Optimization in Ship Navigation
Authors:

Ei-ichi Kobayashi, Syouta Yoneda and Atsushi Morita
Abstract: It is expected that international sea transportation will continue to increase as the world population increases. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires preparation of ship navigation efficiency management plans, including improvement in ship cruising methods such as appropriate ship trajectory selection. Moreover, shipping companies pay careful attention to fuel consumption and environmental conservation, while striving to maintain navigation safety and punctual cargo arrival. Generally speaking, slow navigation results in energy savings, but takes longer. Ship speed is determined on the basis of such factors as customer transportation-time and cost requirements, ship officers’ wages, insurance, port charges, and ship building costs. Operational methods in ship navigation are limited to output reduction and route selection. In this paper, we propose a newly developed weather routing optimization technology that monitors fuel consumption, considering on-going sea and weather condition variation, including wind, waves, and current.
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Paper Nr: 82
Title:

Fostering Co-operative Behaviour Through Social Intervention
Authors:

Martyn Lloyd-Kelly, Katie Atkinson and Trevor Bench-Capon
Abstract: The emergence and maintenance of co-operation in a society of agents is an important issue and some recent research has explored the role that can be played by a functional model of emotions. For example, it has been shown that the emotions of gratitude and anger can be used to produce co-operative behaviour in a public goods game from agents acting solely in accordance with their current emotional state. The effectiveness of these emotions in producing co-operation depends on the emotional volatility of the agents, which determines the strength of these emotions required to alter behaviour. Often, however, dysfunctional relationships develop, which impairs the performance of the society as a whole. In this paper we explore through a series of computational simulations how interventions by society can be used to correct dysfunctional behaviour. The results of our simulations show that enforcement of co-operative behaviour and education to alter emotional characters can improve overall performance in the dysfunctional cases and that different interventions are appropriate given different initial circumstances.
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Paper Nr: 90
Title:

A Comparison Between a Deterministic, Compartmental Model and an Individual Based-stochastic Model for Simulating the Transmission Dynamics of Pandemic Influenza
Authors:

Hung-Jui Chang, Jen-Hsiang Chuang, Tsurng-Chen Chern, Mart Stein, Richard Coker, Da-Wei Wang and Tsan-sheng Hsu
Abstract: Simulation models are often used in the research area of epidemiology to understand characteristics of disease outbreaks. As a result, they are used by authorities to better design intervention methods and to better plan the allocation of medical resources. Previous work make use of many different types of simulation models with an agent-based model, e.g., Taiwan simulation system, and an equation-based model, e.g., AsiaFluCap simulation system, being the two most popular ones. Some comparison studies has been attempted in the past to understand the limits, efficiency, and usability of some model. However, there was little studies to justify why one model is used instead of the other. In this paper, instead of studying the two most popular models one by one, we try to do a comparative study between these two most popular ones. By observing that one model can outperform the other in some cases, and vice versa, we hence study conditions that which one should be used. Furthermore, previous studies show little results in the issue of allocating medical resources. Our paper studies and compares the two models using medical resources allocation as one of our primary concerns. As a conclusion, we come out with a general guideline to help model designers to pick one that fits the given needs better.
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Paper Nr: 128
Title:

Classification Models of Emotional Biosignals Evoked While Viewing Affective Pictures
Authors:

Lachezar Bozhkov and Petia Georgieva
Abstract: This study aims at finding the relationship between EEG-based biosignals and human emotions. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) are registered from 21 channels of EEG, while subjects were viewing affective pictures. 12 temporal features (amplitudes and latencies) were offline computed and used as descriptors of positive and negative emotional states across multiple subjects (inter-subject setting). In this paper we compare two discriminative approaches : i) a classification model based on all features of one channel and ii) a classification model based on one features over all channels. The results show that the occipital channels (for the first classification model) and the latency features (for the second classification model) have better discriminative capacity achieving 80% and 75% classification accuracy, respectively, for test data.
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Paper Nr: 129
Title:

Heat Transfer Enhancement of the Film Flow Falling along Vertical Fluted Plates
Authors:

Shouta Satou and Takahiro Adachi
Abstract: Heat transfer enhancement of the film flow falling along vertical rectangular fluted plates is investigated in this study. We have calculated the temporal evolution of the film flow by using the CLSVOF and GF methods, and obtained the steady state film and velocity distributions. It is found that the film flow goes inside the fluted part due to the effect of the surface tension for the fluted plate and the thickness near the fluted edge is thinner. This may lead to the heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, the temperature distribution is calculated in the thermally inlet region, which corresponds to the problem of two-phase version of the well-known Graetz-Nusselt's problem. Finally, we show the relation among the heat transfer, fluted geometries and the surface tension effect.
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Paper Nr: 138
Title:

Two-dimensional Numerical Simulation Method for Convective Flow Structure Induced by Chemical Concentration Waves
Authors:

Atsushi Nomura, Tatsunari Sakurai and Hidetoshi Miike
Abstract: This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical simulation method for modeling a convective flow structure induced by chemical concentration waves of Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in a two-dimensional rectangular domain of horizontal space and vertical depth. The method assumes a scenario in which an air-liquid interface of the BZ chemical solution has an elastic property and the Marangoni effect drives the surface motion of the interface. As a result of the surface motion, a convective flow is organized in the bulk of the chemical solution. The bulk flow of the chemical solution is described with the Navier-Stokes equations, and the chemical reaction is described with the Oregonator model. Thus, we couple the three systems of the bulk flow, the chemical reaction and the surface motion described with an elastic equation in the numerical simulation method. Results of several numerical simulations performed with the method show that a single chemical concentration wave propagates with a broad convective flow structure and a chemical concentration wave train propagates with a global flow structure. These flow structures are similar to those observed in real laboratory experiments.
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Paper Nr: 142
Title:

A Simulation Framework for Analyzing Complex Infinitely Repeated Games
Authors:

Matthias Feldotto and Alexander Skopalik
Abstract: We discuss a technique to analyze complex infinitely repeated games using techniques from the fields of game theory and simulations. Our research is motivated by the analysis of electronic markets with thousands of participants and possibly complex strategic behavior. We consider an example of a global market of composed IT services to demonstrate the use of our simulation technique. We present our current work in this area and we want to discuss further approaches for the future.
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Paper Nr: 144
Title:

Swarm Behavioral Sorting based on Robotic Hardware Variation
Authors:

Beining Shang, Richard M. Crowder and Klaus-Peter Zauner
Abstract: Swarm robotic systems can offer advantages of robustness, flexibility and scalability, just like social insects. One of the issues that researchers are facing is the hardware variation when implementing real robotic swarms. Identical software can not guarantee identical behaviors among all robots due to hardware differences between swarm members. We propose a novel approach for sorting swarm robots according to their hardware differences. This method is based on the large number of interactions between robots and the environment. Individual robot’s unique hardware circumstance determines its unique decision and reaction during each robotic controlling step, and these unique local reactions accumulate and contribute to the robot’s global behavior. Accordingly by separating these hardware-triggered global behaviors, swarm robots can be sorted according to their hardware variations.
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Paper Nr: 147
Title:

General Model Simulation of the Mexican Poultry Value Chain
Authors:

Luis Antonio Calderón and Pablo Nuño
Abstract: The use of simulation contributes to better analysis and understanding of the interactions between the major variables of the Mexican poultry value chain. This general model of the value chain poultry considers biological processes such as growth and reproduction, as well as economic factors and food costs operating at different stages of industrial poultry farming. The program was designed for poultry producers in general and for the Mexican poultry industry as an aid in the evaluation of different economic scenarios for the production of chicken meat. Although this model is based on the Mexican poultry industry, this can be used where operating conditions are presented here assumed. The integrated simulation model can perform poultry simulations to establish correlations between various parameters of production and their output under standard operating conditions at farms and stands. It can provide answers to parameters such as growth and viability, the number and weight of birds at feedlots, the number of births and the total production cost per kilogram. The model provides a holistic description of the production system and its outputs, reflecting the random variation in the stalls and booths between birds, which is important to represent the production risk. Thus, simulations of poultry value chain through this model can provide answers to what would result if changes were made to specific production parameters.
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Paper Nr: 149
Title:

A Multiagent System to Model Human Action Based on the Concept of Affordance
Authors:

Zoubida Afoutni, Rémy Courdier and François Guerrin
Abstract: This paper presents a model to represent situated action in farming systems. The basic idea is to invert the classical vision of action that stipulates that action is a consequence of a decision process and a plan. We consider action as mainly dictated by a situation created by the interaction of the actor and his/her environment. Hence, action is a process that emerges from this situation. Thus, in this paper we treat the question of how to model action as an emergence process from the situations created by actors and their environment? For this, our model is based on multiagent system as well as on the affordance, emergence and stigmergy concepts (this paper emphasizes mainly the first two).
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Paper Nr: 27
Title:

Abstract Social and Political Systems Simulation - The Concept of the Space of Ideas and Object-Oriented Simulation
Authors:

Stanislaw Raczynski
Abstract: We present an abstract, discrete event model of interactions between organizational structures, using the agent-base modeling. The parameters of agents, like ability, corruption level, resources and lust for power are taken into account, among others. The aim of the simulation is to visualize the evolution of the organizations and the stability of the whole system. It is pointed out that the "steady state" of the model can hardly be reached. Instead, for most parameter configurations, the model enters in oscillations.
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Paper Nr: 49
Title:

Quantitative Evaluation of Accuracy of Digital Microscope System for Automated Petrographic Analysis
Authors:

Olga Baklanova, Vyacheslav Kornev and Olga Shvets
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is quantitative estimation of the reliability of digital microscopy systems for automated petrographic analysis. The proposed method consists in measuring the intensity of the three spectral components of the reflected light (red, green, blue) in each pixel of the investigated surface (frame) and using of methods of pattern recognition of images in geological and mineralogical researches of a rock sample. The proposed technology is offered for preparation of a rock sample in system to a quality and quantitative standard of the maintenance minerals with use of technical sight and software for increase of reliability of results. Statement of the problem is the following: it is necessary to develop a model for assessing the reliability of the monitoring process, taking into account the statistical nature of standards for petrographic analysis and using system process control agents. Mathematical models of an assessment and forecasting of reliability measuring system and control of the maintenance useful minerals in studied a rock sample are developed.
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Paper Nr: 57
Title:

Performance of Switching Fabrics Used for the Scalable Router
Authors:

Zbigniew Hulicki
Abstract: The intention of this paper is to examine the performance aspects of switching fabrics which can be used for scalable high-performance routers. Topology and capabilities of switching fabrics are discussed, followed by an examination of their performance measures in diverse scenarios for possible operation of switching elements (SEs). It has been shown that the switching fabric based on the cube type multistage interconnection network (MIN) outperforms those based on the PM2I type MIN under both any traffic scenario and SE operation. The simulation results presented should be helpful in predicting the router performance before actual fabrication of the switching fabric.
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Paper Nr: 93
Title:

The Results of Gas Dynamic and Strength Improvement of Turbocharger TK-32 Axial Turbine
Authors:

Valery N. Matveev, Oleg V. Baturin, Grigorii M. Popov and Daria A. Kolmakova
Abstract: The results of strength and gas dynamic improvement of turbocharger TK-32 axial turbine are presented. Turbocharger was manufactured by LLC “Penzadieselmash” (Penza, Russian) and is used as unit boost for diesel locomotive. The goal of this work was to ensure turbine work capacity when rotor speed is increased by 10% without efficiency reduction. The strain-stress state analysis indicated the region of high stresses on rotor blade body at the level of 2/3 of root. These stresses exceed allowable values when rotor speed is increased. The variant of peripheral rotor blade section tangential displacement, allowing to reduce the level of stresses by 20%, was found. Gas dynamic calculation showed that variant of rotor blade modernization results in an increase of efficiency by 0.4%. Also it was shown that the increase in turbine efficiency by 1% can be reached if the number of rotor blades is reduced by 13%. This recommendation was implemented and confirmed experimentally on a mass turbocharger TK-32.
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Paper Nr: 140
Title:

Methods to Reduce the Resonant Stresses Level of Gas Turbine Engines Compressor Rotor Wheels
Authors:

Grigorii M. Popov, Aleksandr O. Shklovets, Aleksandr I. Ermakov and Daria A. Kolmakova
Abstract: The approaches to reducing the alternating stresses in the compressor blades, arising at a resonance, are discussed in paper. Maximum alternating stresses in blades of the fifth stage of intermediate pressure compressor (IPC, that operating under the gas flow circumferential variation conditions, are defined on the basis of the forced blade oscillations calculation method. Parametric CFD-model which allows to introduce different stagger angles and circumferentially alternating blade pitch at the guide vanes of IPC fifth stage was created to reduce the stresses. The flow circumferential variation was reduced by changing these parameters and as a consequence the resonant stresses were decreased by more than 2.5 times.
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Area 4 - Application Domains

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 46
Title:

Simulation Validation of the Model-based Control of the Plate Heat Exchanger with On-line Compensation for Modelling Inaccuracies
Authors:

Michal Fratczak, Jacek Czeczot and Pawel Nowak
Abstract: This paper describes the stage of initial validation of the model-based control of the plate heat exchanger (PHE) by simulation. For the distributed parameter model of PHE validated on the basis of the measurement data collected from the real process, the approximation by the orthogonal collocation method is applied and then the linearizing controller with the on-line compensation for the potential modelling inaccuracies is suggested. This approach ensures relatively low computational complexity due to the low dimension of the approximating dynamical model, which allows for its practical implementation in the programmable logic controllers. The suggested controller is tested by simulation under the realistic experiments scenario and it shows its superiority and robustness over the conventional PI controller, for both tracking and disturbances rejection. The results show that the suggested concept can be considered as an interesting model-based alternative for the PID-based control systems that are still widely applied in the industrial practice.
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Paper Nr: 63
Title:

Hardware-In-the-Loop Radar Test Simulator
Authors:

Halit Ergezer, Musa Furkan Keskin and Osman Gunay
Abstract: In this work, a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) radar target and environment simulator (RTSim) is presented. RTSim is developed to test the radar systems starting from the initial algorithm development until the final field testing stages. In this way, it is possible to avoid the costly field tests in constantly changing conditions and test the radar systems in a controlled but highly complex environments. In the real-time operation scenario, Radar Signal Processing Unit (RSPU) sends the parameters of the radar signal to the RTSim. For each receive channel, RTSim generates baseband IQ (16-bit I, 16-bit Q) signals using these parameters and user programmed environment including targets, jammers, atmospheric effects, clutter, and radar related system noise. The generated baseband signals are sent to RSPU over fiberoptic lines.
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Short Papers
Paper Nr: 21
Title:

Simulation of Biomethanol Production from Green Syngas Through Sustainable Process Design
Authors:

Omar Y. Abdelaziz, Mamdouh A. Gadalla and Fatma H. Ashour
Abstract: Methanol is considered an alternative energy source due to its various applicability and high octane. As a fuel, it releases low emissions, and shows high performance and low risk of flammability. Egypt faces a high population growth rate, which implies an increase in the agricultural production. At present, the agriculture waste materials are burned leading to major environmental problems besides the loss of potential resources. This work builds a design methodology for producing biomethanol fuel from green syngas. The design methodology is based on rigorous model using the Aspen HYSYS® simulation software, and takes into account both economics and environment. As a case study, the design methodology is applied to design a plant that converts rice straw in Egypt into methanol. The raw materials for this process are selected from the major regions in Egypt producing rice straw with a total capacity of 1.6 million tons per year. These local regions are Kafr el Sheikh, Dakahlia and Sharkia governorates, located in northern part to Cairo. The methanol produced from the process is estimated to be around 156 thousand metric tons per annum. The process equipment capital costs are estimated to be 498 million dollars with total energy costs of 17 million dollars per annum. On the other hand, an annual revenue of 537 million dollars is obtained. The simulation model obtained in this study can be applied to any syngas coming from other gasification processes with different biomass feedstock. In addition, the model provides a robust basis for further studies of process integration leading to innovative and sustainable solutions to climatic and energy problems.
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Paper Nr: 38
Title:

Modeling and Simulation of Pyroprocessing Oxide Reduction
Authors:

H. J. Lee, W. I. Ko, S. Y. Choi, S. K. Kim, H. S. Lee, H. S. Im, J. M. Hur, E. Y. Choi, G. I. Park and I. T. Kim
Abstract: Pyroprocessing operation modeling features complicated batch type operation, tangled material flow logic, handling many numbers of unit processes. Discrete event system (DES) modeling was applied to build an integrated operation model of which simulation showed that dynamic material flow was accomplished. In the model simulation, the amount of material transported through upstream and downstream in a process satisfied the mass balance equation for every batch operation. This study also analysed in detail an oxide reduction process and showed that every stream’s material flow could be exactly tracked under DES modeling environment.
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Paper Nr: 65
Title:

Evaluate Traffic Noise Level based on Traffic Microsimulation Combined with a Refined Classic Noise Prediction Method
Authors:

Chen Zhang, Jie He, Haifeng Wang and Mark King
Abstract: In this paper, a refined classic noise prediction method based on the VISSIM and FHWA noise prediction model is formulated to analyze the sound level contributed by traffic on the Nanjing Lukou airport connecting freeway before and after widening. The aim of this research is to (i) assess the traffic noise impact on the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) campus before and after freeway widening, (ii) compare the prediction results with field data to test the accuracy of this method, (iii) analyze the relationship between traffic characteristics and sound level. The results indicate that the mean difference between model predictions and field measurements is acceptable. The traffic composition impact study indicates that buses (including mid-sized trucks) and heavy goods vehicles contribute a significant proportion of total noise power despite their low traffic volume. In addition, speed analysis offers an explanation for the minor differences in noise level across time periods. Future work will aim at reducing model error, by focusing on noise barrier analysis using the FEM/BEM method and modifying the vehicle noise emission equation by conducting field experimentation.
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Paper Nr: 71
Title:

Influence of Resource Allocation in the Photovoltaic R&D of Japan based on Technology Stock Modeling
Authors:

Eiichi Endo
Abstract: In Japan, crystalline silicon solar cells have a large market share in production, however they have not been a priority in R&D. This paper analyzes the influence of resource allocation in the photovoltaic (PV) R&D in Japan on the price of solar cells and the market share in world solar cell production. Firstly, it finds that the price of solar cells in Japan, with respect to the resource allocation in R&D of crystalline silicon solar cells, did not reduce significantly but maintained a constant level. For the projection, it does not use an experience curve, but models technological progress and price reduction of solar cells in Japan, excluding mass production effects, based on technological knowledge stock modeling. Secondly, solar cell prices in other countries are estimated based on their market share of the world's solar cell production. The estimated solar cell price in Japan is reduced by up to 40% from the actual price, and is competitive to the estimated solar cell prices in China and Taiwan. In this case, Japan could maintain its high share in the world solar cell production for a few years longer. This analysis will contribute to cost-effective R&D resource allocation by a simulation approach.
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Paper Nr: 84
Title:

Development of 3D Simulation System for Multi-Axis Turn-Mill Machining
Authors:

Hong-Tzong Yau, Jhih-Long Chen, Bing-Rau Yu and Tsan-Jui Yang
Abstract: This paper proposes a 3D simulation system for multi-axis turn-mill machining. With the diversification of technology products, traditional three-axis machining has been unable to meet the needs of existing industries. Multi-axis machining system with high processing efficiency and accuracy has gradually become the mainstream, and is widely used to produce high-value-added products, such as aerospace components and medical devices. Since multi-axis machining hardware is very expensive, how to ensure the generation of correct NC paths and avoid machine collisions from happening become important challenges. In this paper, the triangular mesh model is used to represent the cutter, machine parts and materials. The actual movement of the machine can be simulated after G codes are parsed. For the material removal, taking processing speed into consideration, this paper proposes a hybrid simulation mechanism including 2D intersection, Z-map and Boolean operations. This proposed method can obtain better result in terms of processing efficiency and machining precision. At the same time, collision detection is used to find interference between tools and machines. Using experiments, this paper demonstrates a variety of turn-mill machining examples to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Paper Nr: 89
Title:

Simulation and Model Sensitivity Analisys of a Wind Turbine Tower Manufacturing Plant
Authors:

Paulo Tomé, Eduardo Teixeira, Freddy Assunção, Luís Marques, João C.P. Reis and João M.C. Sousa
Abstract: A modelling method for a complex wind turbine tower manufacturing plant is proposed, through the specification of the major assumptions in the model. Using this methodology a DES model was developed, and a sensitivity analysis to some of the main process variables accounted for in the model is presented. From this study several versions of the model were developed, and their results are compared against real data from a manufacturing company.
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Paper Nr: 127
Title:

The Design, Performance and CFD Analyses of Regenerative Blower used for Fuel Cell System
Authors:

Chan Lee and Hyun Gwon Kil
Abstract: For efficient design of regenerative blower used for fuel cell system, the design and the performance analysis methods of regenerative blower are developed, and CFD modelling and simulation are carried out on the designed blower. The design process of regenerative blower is conducted to determine the geometries of rotating impellers and stationary side channel with several design variables. The performance analysis on the designed blower is made by incorporating momentum exchange theory between impellers and side channel with mean line analysis method, and its pressure loss and leakage flow models are constructed from related fluid mechanics data and correlations which can be expressed in terms of blower design variables. The internal flow field of blower is analysed by using the CFX code, a CFD code specialized for fluid machinery. The present performance analysis method is applied to four existing models for verifying its prediction accuracy, and the comparison between the prediction and the test results are well-agreed with a few percentage of relative error. Furthermore, the present design and performance analysis methods are also applied in developing a new blower used for fuel cell application, and the newly designed blower is manufactured and tested through chamber-type test facility. The performance prediction by the present method is well-agreed with the test and the CFD simulation results. Therefore, from the comparison results, the prediction design and performance analysis methods are shown to be suitable for the actual design practice of regenerative blower.
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Paper Nr: 68
Title:

Multi-Agent Intention Recognition using Logical Hidden Semi-Markov Models
Authors:

Shi-guang Yue, Ya-bing Zha, Quan-jun Yin and Long Qin
Abstract: Intention recognition (IR) is significant for creating humanlike and intellectual agents in simulation systems. Previous widely used probabilistic graphical methods such as hidden Markov models (HMMs) cannot handle unstructural data, so logical hidden Markov models (LHMMs) are proposed by combining HMMs and first order logic. Logical hidden semi-Markov models (LHSMMs) further extend LHMMs by modeling duration of hidden states explicitly and relax the Markov assumption. In this paper, LHSMMs are used in multi agent intention recognition (MAIR), which identifies not only intentions of every agent but also working modes of the team considering cooperation. Logical predicates and connectives are used to present the working mode; conditional transition probabilities and changeable instances alphabet depending on available observations are introduced; and inference process based on the logical forward algorithm with duration is given. A simple game “Killing monsters” is also designed to evaluate the performance of LHSMMs with its graphical representation depicted to describe activities in the game. The simulation results show that, LHSMMs can get reliable results of recognizing working modes and smoother probability curves than LHMMs. Our models can even recognize destinations of the agent in advance by making use of the cooperation information.
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Paper Nr: 104
Title:

Analysis of Passenger Group Behaviour and Its Impact on Passenger Flow using an Agent-based Model
Authors:

Lin Cheng, Clinton Fookes, Vikas Reddy and Prasad Yarlagadda
Abstract: Group interaction within crowds is a common phenomenon and has great influence on pedestrian behaviour. This paper investigates the impact of passenger group dynamics using an agent-based simulation method for the outbound passenger process at airports. Unlike most passenger-flow models that treat passengers as individual agents, the proposed model additionally incorporates their group dynamics as well. The simulation compares passenger behaviour at airport processes and discretionary services under different group formations. Results from experiments (both qualitative and quantitative) show that incorporating group attributes, in particular, the interactions with fellow travellers and wavers can have significant influence on passenger’s activity preference as well as the performance and utilisation of services in airport terminals. The model also provides a convenient way to investigate the effectiveness of airport space design and service allocations, which can contribute to positive passenger experiences. The model was created using AnyLogic software and its parameters were initialised using recent research data published in the literature.
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Paper Nr: 109
Title:

Simulation of HDS Tests in Trickle-Bed Reactor
Authors:

V. Tukač, A. Prokešová, J. Hanika, M. Zbuzek and R. Černý
Abstract: The paper deals with methodology of simulation study devoted to evaluation of reliability of HDS catalyst testing procedure in pilot three phase fixed bed reactor. Hydrodynamic behaviour of test reactor was determined by residence time distribution method. Residence time and Peclet number of axial dispersion of liquid phase were obtained by nonlinear regression of experimental data. Hydrodesulfurization reaction kinetics was evaluated by analysis of concentration data measured in high pressure trickle-bed reactor and autoclave. Simulation of reaction courses were carried out both by pseudohomogeneous model of ODE in Matlab and heterogeneous reactor model of PDE solved by COMSOL Multiphysics. Final results confirm presumption of eliminating influence of hydrodynamics on reaction kinetic results by dilution of catalyst bed by inert fine particles.
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Paper Nr: 114
Title:

Cycle-to-Cycle Transient Model of 4-stroke Combustion Engines
Authors:

Madan Kumar and Tielong Shen
Abstract: In 4-stroke combustion engines, managing the cycle-to-cycle transient characteristics of the mass of the air, the fuel and the burnt gas is an important issue due to the cycle-to-cycle coupling caused by the imbalance of cyclic combustion. This paper presents a discrete-time model that represents the cycle-to-cycle transient behavior of in-cylinder state variables under the assumption of measurability of the total gas mass and the residual gas fraction. It is shown that if the state variables are chosen as total fuel mass, residual unburnt air and the burnt gas mass, then the system is modeled as a time-varying linear system. Validation results is demonstrated which conducted on a full-scaled gasoline engine test bench.
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